Failure to do this is an evidence of bad taste

If it is a question of a portrait in profile, in addition to the above points care space in front of the head than is left behind it. Failure to do this is an evidence of bad taste, and detracts from the proper balance or composition of the work.

These directions should he followed in regard to whatever objects may be introduced as accessories to the portrait, for it should be remembered that the skillful composition of a picture is an expression of the taste and intelligence of the painter.

Avoid repetition of lines or spaces when they do not serve some logical purpose. Vary as much as is consistent with simplicity and naturalness the position of the arms, shoulders, and hands, so that there shall be no danger of their suggesting geometrical exactitude of line.  It is surprising how prone one is to repeat the direction of lines in arranging a composition.

The folds of a dress, or the lines of a shawl or scarf, may make or mar the composition of a portrait. Every thing depends on the use made of such natural and legitimate material as is at hand. It is not necessary to go outside of the question and drag into the picture some irrelevant object to contribute to the richness of the composition. Remember that the most fitting is always the best.